Organ-pipe.



W. E. HASKELL. l

RGAN PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED KAB. 3,1909. 965,896. x Patented Aug. 2,1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W. E. HASKELL.

ORGAN PIPE.

APPLIOATXON FILED MAR.3,1909

Patented Aug. 2, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Risi

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.I

WILLIAM E. HASKELL, 0F BBATTLEBOEO. VERMONT, ASSIGNOR T9 ESTEY OBGANCOMPANY, OF BBATTLEBORO, VERMONT, A. CORPORATION 0F VERMONT.

ORGAN-PIPE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 2, 1910.

Application filed Hex-ch 3, 1909. Serial No. 481,018.

To all 'whom lit 'may concern: p

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. Haenen., of Brattleboro, in the county oflVmdham and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Imrovelnents in Organ- Pipes, of which the ollowing is a speclhcation.

The special object of the present invention is to enable open or an pies to produce tones of low pitch wit out eleteriously affecting thetonal quality and wlth a much shorter length than has heretofore beennecessary. i

It has from the earliest period 1n the hlstory of organ pipes been wellknown that increasing the length of the pipe lowered the pitch and thata tone of the octa've below a given noteinvolved a pipe having' doublethe speaking length. This acoustic law has necessitated the use of verylong plpes 1n order to produce notes of low pitch. Tn an organ of anycapacity open pipes giving a sixteen-foot tone must be employed,involving a speaking length of approximately sixteen feet. There aremany situations, however, in which it is desired to use pipe 0rgans inwhich there is not ava-llableroom for pipes of such length. Of course 1t1s well known that stopped pipes of a given length produce the octavebelow open pipes of the same length, but stoppred pipes give a differentquality of tone om open pipes, with inferior carrying power, so thatthey cannot be used for the lower octaves of a set or stop of pipes theupper octavos of which are composed of open pipes. Heretofore,therefore, in order to employ open pipes of greater length than thehelght of the apartment in which the organ 1s placed, 1t has beennecessary to miter the plpes, which is an expensive construction takingup much room and apprecie-bly aiiecting the quality of the tone.

Open pipes made in accordance with the present invention give thedesired low pitch with a lengt-h materially less than heretoforeemployed, and preserve the desired tonal quality and, in fact, withadded carrying power and sonorit-y, the tone being notably more resonantand pervading than that of the orthodox full length pipe. Otheradvantages of the new pi es will be set forth in connection with the t@tailed descri tion thereof.

T e present improvements are applicable both to wood and to metal pipesand are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in connection withboth.

In the accompanying drawings-Figure 1, is a lon 'tudinal section of awood pipe constructe in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2,is a cross-section thereof. Fig. 3, is a perspective of the top of thepipe. Fig. 4, is a detailed view showing one way of tuning. Fig. 5, is alongitudinal section of a metal pipe. section thereof. Fig. 7, is anenlarged detailed section of the top of the pipe. Fig. 8, is across-section through the tuner.

There is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a wood organ pipe, the oneselected for illustration belonging to the open diapason stop. Theeneral construction of the pipe may be identical with that of anordinary wood pi e except as hereinafter described. For t e sake ofidentification, the wall A, of the pi 1n which the mouth a, is locatedwill hee designated as the front wall; B, is the rear wall, and C, andD, are the two side walls. The distance between the front and rear wallsis the depth of the pipe and the distance between the two side walls isthe width of the pipe. In case the pipe is to give a particular tone,the depth and width of the pipe will be the same as if the pipe were tobe of the full length heretofore employed for givin such a tone. Thepipe is divided longitudinally by means of a. partition E, which extendsacross the pipe between the two side walls C, and D. This partitiondivides the pipe into two chambers F, and G, and for identificationthese will be referred to as the main chamber and the complementarychamber, respectivel The main chamber F, has an open top if; whereas thecomplementary chamber G, has a closed top I. s illustrated, the sidewalls C,and D, extend upwardly for the full depth of the pipe to the topof the complementary chamber` but the front wall A, does not extend tothe full height of the complementary chamber. The effective height,therefore, of the main chamber, is determined by the top of the frontwall A, subect to the qualitying efect of the upwardly extendin sidewalls. The side walls C, and D, so ar as they constitute the side wallsof the main chamber F, might extend no hi her than the top of the frontwall A, in w lich case the front wall would be somewhathigher. Now,

Fig. 6, is a cross- ,length of the Vcomp `front wall A,- to thebottom J,of the g senseo thc speaking length of this pipe is equal to that of anopen pipe whose length is the same as that of the main chamber h', lusthat of the complement-ary chamber In determining this agn'egate len ththc length of the main chum er from t 1e top of .the PIPE, is to bereckoned and also the len h o the complementary chamber from the o ttpmto the top of the partitlon E. The partitlon E, can be carried down aslow as the plane of the top of the mouth a, so that the pitch of thepipe can be as low, almost, as .that of an open pipe of nearlytwl'certhe height. For example, if there is taken as the standard anopen pipe of therspeaklng length of elght feet, namely, CC, 4by theemployement of the l closed top complementary chamber a tone can beproduce of the pitch of CQC sharp, with the same total length of pipe,above the bottom4 J. The complementary chamber need not be used of themaximum length but can be of varyin lengths, 1n which case pipes of .thesame height will glue diijerent, pitches, ...depending upon theement-ary chamber. zThus, the lower octave of a set or stop of ppescanbe composed of pipes all of the Asame length,'their differing pitchesdependingupon the length of the complementa-ry chamber.

-.of thepipe, it is desirable that the comp e-4 meutary chamber shouldbe at the rear of the-pipe and this is imperative in case the partitionextends near the plane of the mout-h if the quality of tone is to bepreserved. Accord1ngly, as `unmet-ter of prac-v tice, the closedtopcomplementary chamber is nniformlyat the rear of the pipe and the opentpp main chamber is at the front.-

The partition E, should divide thc pipe in half vso that the areas ofthe com lementa-ry chamber. and of the main chamber on the oppositesides are equal. The compiementary chamber should extend above the topof the main chamber to an extent equal to the Width of the pipe. That isto say, if the width of the pipe is fourteen inches, then the verticaldistance between the under side of the complementary chamber to I, andthe upper edge of the front wall should be fourteen inches.

In order to obtain a desired resonance and souority of tone a. harmonicbridge b, with a. curved face, opposite the mouth a, may be employed;but it 1s not necessary.

plpe thus constructed has the same quality of tone as an open to pipe ofthe sume yoicing and 1f the comp ementary chamber 1s of approximately7maximum length it gives a tone of the same pitch as an ordinaryxr o ento) pipe of nearly double the lengt :nove tlc bottom J, while preservingthe salue area in crosssection. For example, a pipe nine feet six incheshigh above the bottom J,l .au 'vc the same pitch as an orthodox pipesixteen feet hi h above said bottom. At the same time, tie new wood pipehas important structural and mechanlcal advantages. With an ordinaryopen top pipe giving a sixteen-foot tone, for example, thc wooden wallsmust be of substantial thickness in order to avoid independent vibrationthereof which would affect the tonal quality, thus rendering the pipe ofgreat weight, diflicult to handle, and expensive to construct onaccount. of the quantity of wood employed. 1n case of thc present newpipes the partition E, stiti'ens and strengthens the ipe so that thinnerwood can be employe than in the case of a pipe having the same physicallengt-h and hence materially less wood is employed than in case of theordinary open plpe having the same pitch.

The pipe is tuned by varvingthe eiective length of the partition at itsbottom. There is shown in Fig. 4, an ordinary tuning slide K, at thebottom of the partition, with an upwardly extending rod c, which extendsupward through the main chamber F, and accessible through the open topthereof. This tuner K, constitutes the eflfective bottom of thecomplementary cham- Open metal pipes can also be constructed on the sameprinciples and a metal pipe is shown in Figs to 8 of the drawings. Asshown in these figures the body L, is cylindrical in cross-section andthe comple mentary chamber M, is cylindrical in crosssection. Both bodyand complementary chamber are made of the usual metallic compositionused in making metal pipes. The area of the complementary chamber incrossscction is one-half the area of the body L, in cross-section, sothat the area of the complementary chamber is substantially equal to thearea of the main chamber F, which section is oncl1alf the arca of thebody L, which surrounds the complementary chamber. Since thin metal maybc used for the com Iementary chamber the space occupied by t 1ecircular complementa ry chamber wall may be neglected in the calculationof the areas. The body7 L. and hence the main chamber I", is open at thetop and is of the same height throughout its periphery. Thecomplementary chamber has a closed top I, and the complementary chambercxtcnds, as shown, above the main chamber to a. distance one-half thediameter of the body L. Tha-t. is to say, thc vertical distance betweenthe top ofthe body L, and the .under face of the complementary chambertop I, is one-half the internal diameter of the body. The complement-arychamber may be placed either centrally 0r ecccn trically within the bodyL. The 'eccentric arrangement is shown. The complementary chamber issupported within the body by means of a hook (l, fastened to the outerwall of the said chamber which engages the top edge of the body L, anddetermines the proper vertical position of the comple mentary chamberwith respect to the main chamber. A spring e, fastened to the outer wallof the complementary chamber bears against the interior wall of thebody, thereby holding the complementary chamber in place and preventinany lateral vibration or rattling thereo The ipe is tuned by varying theeffective lengt of the complementary chamber at its lower o cn end. Asshown, an ordinary split siding tuning sleeve N, is employed,frictionally embracing the lower open end of the complen1entary chamberand having secured thereto a vertically extending rod f, which extendsabove the body L, where it is readily accessble for raising and loweringthe tuning sleeve.

TWhen the eccentric com lementary chamber is employed it is pre erablylocated at the rear of the pipe, as shown in the drawings, especiallywhen the complementary chamber is a. long one reaching down close to themouth a. It is desirabie to employ a harmonic bridge b, with the metalpipe, but it may be omitted.

A articular shape of the complementary cham er in cross-section is notessential for either the wood or the metal pipe. In fact, a cylindricalmetal complementary chamber can be practically used with a wood piperectangular in cross-section. Vihatcvcr the shape or location of thecomplementary chamber may be, however, it is im )ortant that its area incross-section should e sub stantially equal to the arca of the open topmain chamber.

The projection of the complementary chamber above the main chamber F, isnot subject to an arbitrary rule, but depends to some extent on thequality of tone rodnced, as well as to the treatment gwen the pipe atthe month. Diii'crences in the height of this projection above the mainchamber F, may be compensated for by adjust-ment of bridge.

To further aid in an understanding of the invention, the exact detailswill be iven of two pipes (one wood, the other meta of CC pitch, givingan eight foot tone. Poplar is a suitable wood. The exterior walls A,B,C, D, are three-fourths (3/4) of an inch thick. The partition E, isthree cighths (3/8) of an inch thick. The height of the open mainchamber F, from the upper face of the bottom J, to the upper edge of thefront wall is four (4) feet, one and one-half (1%) inches. The height ofthe complementary chamber G, from the bottom edge of the partition E, tothe under face of the top I, 1s three (3) feet, five and three-fourths(5B/4) inches. The de th of the pipe is six and threeeighths 63/8)inches, and the width is five and one-eighth (5 1/8) inches. Thevertical distance between the up r edge of the front A, and the bottomof t e top I, is ive and one-eighth (5 1/8) inches. The height of themouth a., is one-fourth (1/4) of the width of the pipe. The diameter ofthe bridge b, is the same as the height of the mouth. The effectivespeaking length of the pipe is the snm of the heights of the twochambers namely, seven (7) feet, seven and one-fourth (7 1/4) inches.This pipe gives the same pitch as ordinary ope-n pipes of the same widthand depth and seven (7) feet,

nine (9) inches hi h; the difference in effective lenth being ue to theshading or fiatt-ing e ect of the brid e b, and of the complementarychamber. the case of a metal pi e, theheight of the main chamber is four(4]) feet, two (2) inches; and of the complementary chamber, three 3)feet, nine and onefourth (9 1/4)inches,g1ving a total speaking length ofseven (7) feet, eleven and onefourth (11 1/4) inches. The internaldiameter of the pipe is four and one-fourth (4 1/4) inches; and of thecomplementary chamber two and fifteen-sixteenths (2 15/16) inches. Thevertical distance between the top of the body L, and the under face ofthe to I, is two and onceigl1th (2 1/8) inches. Tlilc Walls of both pipeand chamber are three sixty-fourths (3/64) of an inch thick. The heightof the month is one-third (1 /3) its width, and its width is tWo-ninths(2/9) the circumference of the pipe. The diameter of the bridge is theheight of the month. Zinc is the meta-l used. Such a pipe has the samepitch as an o en metal pipe of the same ldiageter and eig it (8) feet,one (l) inch The foregoing details are taken from pipes in commercialuse in organs made under the direction of myself.

1. An open wood organ pipe having its mouth in its front wall, apartition extcnding between the side Walls of the pipe from a pointabove the month to a lane above the front wall equal to the width of thcpipe, and a top extendingl from the partition to the rear wall andbetween the side walls, thereby forminp,r a closed top complementarychamber at thc rcnr of the pipe.

2. An open wood organ pipo having.,r n stitlcning partition extcndin y'between its two side walls and dividing t 1e pipe into a front open topmain chamber having the pipe-month at its front and a complementarychamber nt the rear, said complementary chamber having a closed top andan o en bottom communicating with said main c amber.

3. An open wood organ pi e having a stii'ening partition extendingetween two of its walls and dividing the pipe into an open top mainchamber and a complementary chamber, said'complement-ary chamber havinga closed top-and an open bottom communicating with said main chamber.

4. An open wood organ pipe having a partition extending between two ofits walls and dividing the pipe into a. main chamber having thepipe-mouth at its front side and a complementary `chamberof different'length' at the rear, said complementary chamber having an open bottomabove the pipe-mouth and communicating with said main chamber.

5. An open wood organ pipe having a stifening artition extending betweentwo of its wal s and dividing the pipe into a main chamber and acomplementary chamber, said complementary chamber having a closed topand an open bottom above the pipe-mouth communicating with said mainchamber. I

6. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber, a c osed topcomplementary chamber communicating at its lower end with said mainchamber, a tuner at the lower end of said complementary chamber, andmeans accessible through the open top of said main chamber for adjustingsaid tuner.

l7. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber, a complementarychamber communicating at its lowerend with said main chamber,4 a tunerat the lower end of said complementary chamber, and means accessiblethrough the open top of said main chamber for adjusting4 said tuner.

8. An organ pipe having a main chamber, a complementary chambercommunicating at its lower vend with said main chamber, and a tuner atthe lower endof said complementary chamber.

9. An organ pipe having a main chamber, a complementary chambercommunicating with said main chamber, and a ,tn/ner at the communicationbetween Said complemelitary c hamber'and main chamber. 4

10. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber, a. closed topcomplementary chamber vcommunicating with said -mlan chamber at itslower end, a mouth belowithe bottom of said complementary chamber, and aharmonic bridge with a curved face opposite said mouth.

1 1. An organ pipe'having an open top main chamber, a closed topcomplementary chamber communi.catin, y` with said l main chamber at itslower end, a mouth bel-o'rLt-ln` bottom of said complementary chamber,and*` a harmonic bridge oppositesaid mouth. v

12. An organ pipe having a main chamber, a complementary chambercommunicating with said main chamber, a pipe-mouth below the opening ofsaid complementary chamber into the main chamber, and a harmonic bridgewith a curved face opposite said mouth.

13. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber and a closed topcomplemein tary chamber of substantially equal area in cross-section,said complementary chamber communicating at its lower end with said mainchamber.

14. An organ pipe having an open top main'chamber and a closed topcomplementary chamber of substantially equal area i1 cross-section, saidcomplementary chamber communicating with said main 4chamber above thepipe-mouth.

15. An organ pipe having ,a main chamber with the pipe-mouth in itsfront wall and a complementary chamber of substantially equal area incross section, said complementary chamber communicating with said mainchamber below the top thereof and above the pipe-mouth.

16. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber, and a closed topcomplementary chamber communicating with said main chamber at its lowerend and extendY ing at itsl closed end above the open top of saidchamber.

17. An organ pipe having an open top mainchamber and a closed topcomplem'ew tary chamber communicating with said main chamber below itstop and above the pipe-month and extending above the open top of saidmain chamber.

1S. An organ pipe havingan open' top main chamber and a closed topcomplemen- :tary chamber communicatingk at its lower end with said mainchamber below the top thereof.

19. An organ 4pipe having a main cham ber and a closed top complementarychamber communicating at itsf'lower end with said main chamber below thetop thereof.

20. A n organ pipe having an open top main chamber and a closed tcpcomplementary chainber communicating with said main chamber below thetopthereof.

21. An organ pipe having a main cham ber and a complementary chamber ofditferent lengths but substantiallyequal area in cross sectioin-saidcomplementary chamber communicatingr with jsaid main chamber above thepipe-mouth Iand below the top of the main chamber. ...F-

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnessee'.

WILLIAM E. HASKETJ. Witnesses:

ELEC. Fnn'r,

5' L. W. Hawmaxt

